TL;DR The Constitution gives you the right to equality (Articles 14–18). In daily life, this means you cannot be discriminated against by the State on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. You have equal access to public employment and equal protection of the law. This doc links that right to how you can use it.
What equality means in practice
The State cannot treat you worse than others only because of your religion, caste, gender, or where you were born. In government jobs and in admission to government institutions, the same rules should apply to everyone unless the Constitution itself allows a special provision (e.g. for backward classes or women). Untouchability is forbidden.
In daily life
If you are denied a service, a job, or admission only because of your caste, religion, or gender, that may violate your right to equality. You can raise the issue through grievance portals, to the concerned department, or in some cases through the courts. Keeping proof (e.g. written refusal, discrimination in policy) helps.
What you can do
- Know your right: the State must not discriminate against you on the grounds the Constitution forbids.
- If you face discrimination in a government office, scheme, or institution, note the facts and use the official grievance channel (Centre or State) or approach the concerned authority.
- Support others when they face discrimination; equality is stronger when we all stand for it.
Related: Right to Equality (Articles 14–18) · Constitution and Social Justice · Understanding Citizen Rights · How to Raise a Public Issue