TL;DR The Constitution includes the duty to protect and improve the environment (Article 51A). Courts have also read the right to life to include the right to a clean environment. This doc explains how the Constitution connects to the environment and what you can do.
Constitution and environment
Article 51A says it is the duty of every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment — forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife — and to have compassion for living creatures. The courts have said that the right to life (Article 21) includes the right to live in a healthy environment. So the State has a duty to protect the environment, and we have a duty as citizens to not harm it.
In daily life
When a project or industry harms air, water, or forests, citizens can raise the issue. You can use grievance portals (Centre/State), write to the pollution control board or the concerned ministry, or in serious cases approach the courts. Many environmental clearances are required by law; citizens can participate in public hearings where they are held.
What you can do
- Follow your duty: do not litter, save water and electricity where you can, and avoid harming public green spaces.
- If you see serious pollution or damage (e.g. illegal dumping, river pollution), report it to the local authority or the State pollution control board; keep a record of your complaint.
- Take part in public hearings for projects that affect the environment when they are held in your area.
Related: List of Fundamental Duties · How Citizens Can Practise Duties Daily · Constitution and Equality · How to Raise a Public Issue