TL;DR
Articles 23 and 24 protect you from exploitation. Article 23 forbids trafficking and forced labour. Article 24 says no child below 14 years can be made to work in a factory, mine, or any hazardous work.
Article 23 — No trafficking or forced labour
Trafficking in human beings (buying or selling people) and forced labour (begar) are forbidden. No one can force you to work without pay or under threat. The State can make laws to punish such acts. There is one exception: the State can require compulsory service for public purposes (e.g. compulsory service for defence or social work) as long as it does not discriminate on grounds of religion, race, caste, or class.
Article 24 — No child labour in hazardous work
No child below the age of 14 years can be employed in any factory, mine, or in any other hazardous work. This protects children from dangerous and exploitative work. Other laws (e.g. the Child Labour Act) may set further rules on when and where children can work.
What you can do
If you or someone you know is forced to work or is trafficked, you can report it to the police or to the National Human Rights Commission / State Human Rights Commission. You can also approach the courts. If you see child labour in hazardous work, you can report it to the labour department or the police.
Source: Constitution of India, Part III. Related: Right to Equality (Articles 14–18), Constitution and Social Justice, List of Fundamental Duties.